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Instruments for precipitation measurement from history to the present
Lipina, P. ; Procházka, J. ; Tesař, Miroslav
The precipitation amount is one of the most important meteorological elements. It is of fundamental importance for the creation of climatological characteristics, it is the basis of the water balance and the primarily monitored element in the forecasting and warning service. Precipitation measurement has been burdened with many uncertainties for a long time and is therefore consistently given due attention.\nThe first measurement of precipitation in Europe dates back to the 17th century. Regular but not complete measurements of precipitation at Prague's Klementine observatory began in 1752 (continuous series since 1804), in Brno in 1803. In 1817, M.A. David wrote the first guide for observing the weather in Bohemia, published in German, intended for volunteer observers. The activities of institutions and various associations, such as the Prague Klementinum, the Natural Research Society in Brno, the Central Institute for Meteorology and Earth Magnetism and others, had a fundamental influence on the establishment of meteorological stations and precipitation measurements. The Hydrographic Commission for the Kingdom of the Czech Republic and its hydrometric section were founded in 1875 under the leadership of F. J. Studnička E. Purkyně was responsible for the significant expansion of precipitation measurement at that time as part of the construction of a network of forest precipitation measuring stations. \nFor more than 200 years, rain gauges and precipitation measurements have been developed. The Metra 886 manual rain gauge, which has been used for a long time in the Czech lands, was developed according to the Austrian model of prof. Kostlivý. Since 1995, the automation of rainfall measurement was started, first with tipping bucket raingauges, which are gradually being replaced by weighing raingauges. Alternative methods of measuring precipitation are being tested in\nremote and forested areas. This post tries to bring the history, standards and development of precipitation measurement in our country at least as a guide.
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Weather station
Rimeg, Martin ; Číž, Radim (referee) ; Lattenberg, Ivo (advisor)
This work deals with the development of a meteorological station for measuring temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and light intensity. The main feature of the device is the ESP 8266 module, which records the measured values and sends information to the server. Part of the work is PCB design, selection of suitable sensors and application development for display of measured values. The description of the solution was preceded by the theoretical processing of development topics.
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Meteorological Station with PC Connection
Šimeček, Jan ; Šimek, Václav (referee) ; Bartoš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with constructing of meteorological station connected to PC via USB interface. The goal of the work is to design, construct and programme the meteorological station, which measures values of temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. The core of the meteorological station is programmable microcontroller connected to sensors measuring the variables. The values of the variables are stored in database and can be depicted as a graph using graphical user interface. Collecting of data in the database is provided by daemon running in the background. The first part of the thesis is focused on theory of measurement of meteorological values. The second part of the thesis describes the design of the connection of the meteorological station. The next chapter deals with communication between the microcontroller, sensors and computer. Software solution of the microcontroller, graphical user interface and the daemon providing data transfer to the database is in the last part of the thesis.
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Temperature and humidity measuring station for Ionmeter
Kadaňka, Karel ; Roubal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Szabó, Zoltán (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes the design of meteorological station of Ionmeter. Meteorological station is controlled by the Arduino platform, which evaluates the measured data and sends them wireless into the initial concept of Ionmeter. In the first part, the particular measured variables (temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, UV radiation and amount of dust particles) are described. It also describes the brief principle of the formation of air ions and their influence of the human organism. The following chapters are dedicated to the description of each component, the description of the weather station program and the initial concept of Ionmeter. The last chapter describes the construction of the meteorological station itself.
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Changes in the ratio between a new snow depth and seasonal precipitation in mountainous and submontane regions of the Czech Republic
Procházka, J. ; Lipina, P. ; Šustková, V. ; Tesař, Miroslav
Snowfall and snow cover formation is an important aspect of the colder part of the year in the Czech Republic and Central Europe. Snow cover is important from the point of view of climatology, hydrology, ecology and recreation, and therefore economic. In addition to precipitation, the amount of new snow depends mainly on the air temperature. With gradual warming, it can be assumed that with a similar total precipitation, the proportion of precipitation in the form of snow and the ability to form snow cover will decrease. In order to evaluate the mentioned changes, the ratio of the seasonal amount of new snow in cm and total precipitation in mm, Sn/P (cm/mm) was used in this paper. For the analysis, data from the CHMI database for two normal periods 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 were processed for selected mountain and foothill meteorological stations in the Czech Republic. The period from November to April was assessed as a cold part of the year for this purpose, when a new snow cover is more likely to form. The results of the study showed that the Sn/P ratio decreased in the period 1991–2020 compared to the period 1961–1990.
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Weather station
Rimeg, Martin ; Číž, Radim (referee) ; Lattenberg, Ivo (advisor)
This work deals with the development of a meteorological station for measuring temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and light intensity. The main feature of the device is the ESP 8266 module, which records the measured values and sends information to the server. Part of the work is PCB design, selection of suitable sensors and application development for display of measured values. The description of the solution was preceded by the theoretical processing of development topics.
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Temperature and humidity measuring station for Ionmeter
Kadaňka, Karel ; Roubal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Szabó, Zoltán (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes the design of meteorological station of Ionmeter. Meteorological station is controlled by the Arduino platform, which evaluates the measured data and sends them wireless into the initial concept of Ionmeter. In the first part, the particular measured variables (temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, UV radiation and amount of dust particles) are described. It also describes the brief principle of the formation of air ions and their influence of the human organism. The following chapters are dedicated to the description of each component, the description of the weather station program and the initial concept of Ionmeter. The last chapter describes the construction of the meteorological station itself.
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Meteorological Station with PC Connection
Šimeček, Jan ; Šimek, Václav (referee) ; Bartoš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with constructing of meteorological station connected to PC via USB interface. The goal of the work is to design, construct and programme the meteorological station, which measures values of temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. The core of the meteorological station is programmable microcontroller connected to sensors measuring the variables. The values of the variables are stored in database and can be depicted as a graph using graphical user interface. Collecting of data in the database is provided by daemon running in the background. The first part of the thesis is focused on theory of measurement of meteorological values. The second part of the thesis describes the design of the connection of the meteorological station. The next chapter deals with communication between the microcontroller, sensors and computer. Software solution of the microcontroller, graphical user interface and the daemon providing data transfer to the database is in the last part of the thesis.
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